GAMBARAN RISIKO DAN UPAYA PENCEGAHAN STUNTING PADA PERIODE KEHAMILAN DIDAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31258/jni.13.2.115-127Kata Kunci:
Selama kehamilan, Pencegahan, Risiko stuntingAbstrak
Stunting dapat terjadi sebagai akibat kekurangan gizi terutama pada saat 1000 hari pertama kehidupan yang dimulai semenjak sebelum dan saat kehamilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi gambaran risiko stunting dan upaya pencegahan selama kehamilan di daerah aliran sungai Siak Pekanbaru. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah concurren mixed methods (gabungan kuantitatif dan kualitatif). Sebanyak 100 orang responden ibu hamil dan 15 partisipan dipilih secara purposive sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah kuesioner, pedoman wawancara dan lembar chect list observasi lingkungan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif, dan analisis tematik. Mayoritas responden berusia 20-35 tahun (83%), tingkat pendidikan SMA/SMK (63%), Ibu Rumah Tangga (89%), suku Minang (40%), Agama Islam (95%), Tinggi badan > 145 cm (99%). Gambaran faktor risiko terjadi stunting pada periode kehamilan adalah responden yang memiliki tinggi badan ≤ 145 cm (1%) dan pendapatan < UMR Rp. 3.049,675 (66%). Berdasarkan karakteristik kehamilan sebanyak 74% multipara, usia kehamilan trimester II (57%), tidak melakukan imunisasi TT (76%). Proporsi ibu hamil yang melakukan ANC 2 kali sebanyak 31%. Berdasarkan riwayat penyakit, 85% tidak tidak memiliki riwayat penyakit, namun terdapat 7% memiliki penyakit hipertensi, 3% penyakit asthma, 3% penyakit jantung, dan 2% dengan komplikasi penyakit paru-paru, hipertensi dan diabetes mellitus. Sebagian besar ibu hamil melakukan pemeriksaan Hb (52%), dari angka tersebut ditemukan 45% Hb normal, anemia sedang 4% dan anemia ringan 3%. Sebanyak 83% ibu hamil mengkonsumsi tablet Fe dan 17% lagi tidak mengkonsumsi. Diketahui sebanyak 74% memiliki pengetahuan tinggi tentang upaya pencegahan stunting pada periode kehamilan. 85% kondisi lingkungan rumah bersih, akan tetapi responden berada dalam lingkungan perokok (74%). Analisis kualitatif ditemukan dua tema yaitu upaya pencegahan terhadap risiko stunting pada periode kehamilan adalah melakukan pola hidup sehat seperti konsumsi makanan bergizi, olah raga, istirahat dan melakukan mengecekan kehamilan, menjaga kebersihan lingkungan serta menghindari paparan asap rokok. Tema kedua adalah pemahaman tentang stunting. Perlu dilakukan upaya pencegahan stunting semenjak kehamilan dengan pemberdayaan ibu hamil.
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